Ruff

A ruff is a starched, pleated collar of linen or lace set in figure-of-eight folds, worn around 1560–1640.

Ruffs began as a frill at the neck of the shirt and grew into separate collars of starched linen or lace, set with heated irons into rows of folds. The largest needed a wire support underneath. Federico de Vinciolo, whose lace pattern book is discussed on Teazle, is recorded as holding a privilege for making ruffs in France.